В данной обзорной статье рассматриваются вопросы профилактики рака желудка путем скрининга и лечения хеликобактерной инфекции. Во всем мире распространенность Helicobacter pylori (хеликобактер пилори) составляет около 50 %, и она имеет прямо пропорциональную связь с раком желудка. В настоящее время во всем мире принято различать кардиальный и некардиальные типы рака желудка. Используя ограниченные ресурсы, разумно использовать наиболее экономичную процедуру скрининга на хеликобактер пилори. Рак желудка является серьезной глобальной проблемой здравоохранения, при этом инфекция Helicobacter pylori, по оценкам, является причиной 89 % случаев некардиального рака желудка, или 78 % всех случаев злокачественных новообразований желудка. Международное агентство по изучению рака призвало разработать стратегии тестирования и лечения Helicobacter pylori в странах с высоким уровнем заболеваемости раком. Однако для стран с низким уровнем заболеваемости раком желудка, таких как большинство западных стран, балансы между пользой, вредом и затратами на скрининг менее четкие. Рак желудка – это заболевание с хорошо охарактеризованным предраковым процессом, обеспечивающим основу для усилий по первичной и вторичной профилактике. Рак желудка остается одной из трех наиболее распространенных причин смерти от рака во всем мире. Понимание медицинских и экономических факторов, влияющих на экономическую эффективность скрининга в разных странах, поможет определить, когда и где наиболее целесообразно проводить скрининг на рак желудка. Обзор показал, что существуют заметные расовые и этнические различия в распространенности некардиального рака желудка. Доказано, что скрининг и лечение Helicobacter pylori могут снизить заболеваемость раком желудка на 35 %.
This review article discusses the prevention of stomach cancer through screening and treatment of helicobacter infection. Worldwide, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Helicobacter pylori) is about 50 %, and it has a directly proportional relationship with stomach cancer. Currently, it is customary all over the world to distinguish between cardiac and non-cardiac types of stomach cancer. Using limited resources, it is reasonable to use the most economical screening procedure for Helicobacter pylori. Stomach cancer is a serious global health problem, with Helicobacter pylori infection estimated to be the cause of 89 % of cases of non-cardiac stomach cancer, or 78 % of all cases of stomach malignancies. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has called for the development of strategies for the testing and treatment of Helicobacter pylori in countries with a high incidence of cancer. However, for countries with a low incidence of stomach cancer, such as most Western countries, the balance between the benefits, harms and costs of screening is less clear. Stomach cancer is a disease with a well-characterized precancerous process that provides the basis for primary and secondary prevention efforts. Stomach cancer remains one of the 3 most common causes of cancer death worldwide. Understanding the medical and economic factors affecting the cost-effectiveness of screening in different countries will help determine when and where it is most appropriate to screen for stomach cancer. The review showed that there are noticeable racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of non-cardiac gastric cancer. It has been proven that screening and treatment of Helicobacter pylori can reduce the incidence of stomach cancer by 35 %.
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